Dog attacks are distressing, and when an attack occurs by an animal that may be infected with rabies, the stakes of such circumstances can be particularly high. Rabies is a potentially fatal viral disease that affects the nervous system of mammals, including humans.
In the event of an unprovoked dog attack, understanding the signs of rabies can help to inspire a victim to seek immediate treatment, as delayed intervention can result in severe complications or even death.
Rabies and how it spreads
Rabies is a zoonotic virus that spreads through the saliva of an infected animal, typically by bites or scratches. Once contracted, the virus travels towards the brain, where it can cause irreversible damage. Because rabies has a nearly 100% fatality rate once symptoms appear, rapid intervention following a potential exposure is essential.
The incubation period for rabies can vary from days to several months, depending on factors like the location and severity of the bite, but symptoms may begin appearing as early as one week post-exposure. An unprovoked attack is often a red flag, as rabid animals can display aggressive and erratic behavior.
Recognizing early signs of rabies in humans
Symptoms of rabies in humans are generally grouped into two stages: the prodromal phase and the acute neurological phase. In the prodromal phase, victims may experience symptoms that resemble the flu, such as:
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Muscle aches
One of the earliest and most distinctive signs of rabies is a tingling or burning sensation around the bite or scratch site. Individuals may also feel heightened sensitivity, itching or pain where the dog bit them, even after the wound has begun to heal.
The acute neurological phase is characterized by anxiety and agitation. As the virus progresses, infected individuals may experience unexplained confusion and distress. During this phase, rabies is also known for causing hydrophobia, an intense fear of water or difficulty swallowing fluids due to muscle spasms in the throat. In advanced stages, individuals may suffer from:
- Hallucinations
- Irrational fear
- Severe delirium
In some cases, paralysis can begin in the infected limb and may spread throughout the body, leading to respiratory failure if untreated.
Recognizing the symptoms of rabies following an unprovoked dog attack is essential, as the virus can result in dire consequences if left untreated. Aside from seeking immediate medical intervention, victims should also enlist knowledgeable legal support to hold the dog’s owner accountable for their negligence.